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From Universia-Knowledge@Wharton

Argentina's Subsidy Policy Raises the Specter of Nationalization

Beyond the political uproar caused by the loss of control of the Argentinean parliament by the Kirchners in the legislative elections held last Sunday, some economic indicators are beginning to worry experts — increasing informal employment, declining demand for labor, increased state subsidies and a growing number of companies that are in crisis and risk being privatized.

More than 77,000 workers in various industries receive a monthly salary of US$160 through Argentine government subsidies. The goal is to prevent those people from losing their jobs. The more than 53,000 companies affected by this program are bankrupt. So far this year, the government of Cristina Fernández de Kirchner has spent some US$48 million on the program, known as REPRO (the Federal Productive Reconversion Program) and created in 2002 by then-president Eduardo Duhalde amid the deepest social and economic crisis in the history of Argentina. At the time, the government of Fernando de la Rua had fallen, bank deposits had been confiscated and the Argentine currency had been devalued.

Although the current crisis is not as serious as that one, employment is one of the indicators beginning to suffer the consequences of the deterioration in the local and global economy. Through the subsidies authorized by REPRO, the administration of Fernández de Kirchner avoided a half-point rise in unemployment, now at 8.4%, according to INDEC, the National Institute of Statistics and Census. The official figures don't include any social spending plans. According to critics of INDEC, the government has intervened under the supervision of Commerce Secretary Guillermo Moreno and changed the methodology for measuring unemployment. INDEC's credibility has been further challenged by private reports that predict unemployment of about 10% by the end of the year. >>> Go to Full Story >>>

 

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Chile should tout its passage to first world

BY ANDRES OPPENHEIMER / The Miami Herald

By the end of this year, Chile is likely to become the first South American country to join the exclusive club of the world's 30 richest countries. Yet, amazingly, you don't see Chileans jumping for joy, nor presenting themselves to their neighbors as a model nation.

According to officials from the Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), the Paris-based institution that groups the world's wealthiest democracies, Chile may be officially accepted as a full member at its Dec. 18 meeting.

The OECD is waiting for the Chilean Congress to pass three pending measures to fully adhere to the organization's tax information exchange and corporate governance standards. Chilean officials hope the pending measures will be passed by December.

Chile has been pretty coy about its economic achievements. Unlike any other Latin American country, Chile's economy has grown steadily for the past two decades, and it leads Latin America in virtually all competitiveness rankings. More importantly, Chile has reduced its poverty rate from 39 percent of the population in 1990 to 13 percent nowadays. Yet, unlike Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez, who goes around the world claiming that his country's oil-driven growth is a "revolutionary model," Chile's President Michelle Bachelet has abstained from political evangelism abroad. >>>>Go to Full Story >>>

 

Auto Manufacturers Race for Bolivia’s Lithium Reserves

From Universia Knowledge@ Wharton

Recently, Bolivia has become the nerve center of Latin America, attracting the interest of several multinational companies. The reason: The world's largest reserves of lithium are in this country, in the Salar (Salt Flats) de Uyuni.

Located in the Potosi region in the southeast of the country, 3,500 meters above sea level, the Salar de Uyuni holds five million tons of lithium, a mineral that is required for manufacturing batteries for hybrid and electric cars. The region represents an attractive investment option for global automotive manufacturers who are trying to break their dependence on petroleum and produce more fuel-efficient products.

Aware of the positive effects that the industrialization of lithium would have on the automotive sector and the local economy, Morales has declared his intention to engage in a partnership with some multinational firm. However, given the unusual amount of interest awakened by the mineral at Uyuni, Morales – who has already nationalized the local petroleum and natural gas industries — declared that "the goal of the Bolivian government is to exploit lithium on a grand scale" and that the government "will never lose ownership of its natural resources," according to the daily newspaper El Diario de Bolivia.

Given that fact, John Tilton, a professor in the Catholic University of Chile's mining division, warns that "the actions of the government and its policy for foreign investments in Bolivia will be the determining factors, and they could drive multinationals to invest in Chile or in other countries in Latin America if Bolivia does not offer the appropriate climate for investment."

"There are deposits of lithium in Chile and Argentina, and a promising deposit in Tibet," notes Oji Baba, an executive in Mitsubishi's Base Metals Unit. "But it is clear that the biggest prize is in Bolivia. If we want to lead the next wave of lithium-based automobiles, we have to be in the Salar de Uyuni." >>>>Go to Full Story >>>